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DEATHS: 1671 VAN DELEN — 1910 CROSS — 1669 BERRETTINI — 1892 BANVARD

BIRTHS: 1782 COTMAN — 1893 SPENCER

^ Died on 16 May 1671: Dirck Christiaenszoon van Delen (or Deelen, Dalens), Dutch Baroque painter born in 1605. He studied under Frans Hals.
— Dirck van Delen was mainly active in Middelburg, but also in Delft. Not in Delft Guild, but connected in style with Van Bassen. When he married in 1625 he was a citizen of Middelburg, but he settled in nearby Arnemuiden, where he became master of the toll-house. From 1628 until his death he was almost continually a member of the town council, mostly as burgomaster. He was widowed three times and had at least one son, though no children survived him. The inventory of his estate testifies that he was well-to-do. He painted architectural pieces such as grand palatial halls with court officers. He is known to have made five large canvases (most of them 3.10 meters high) for a grand house owned by Count Floris II van Pallandt, at Lange Vijverberg, The Hague.

— LINKS
— The Great Hall of the Binnenhof, The Hague (1651)
— Conversation outside a Castle (1636) _ Dirck van Delen, sometime municipal official and burgomaster of Arnemuiden, painted church interiors and Renaissance palaces in the Vredeman de Vries and Steenwijck style.
— Palace Courtyard with Figures (1635; 637x700pix, 109kb) _ The Dutch painter Hans Vredeman de Vries, shortly before he died in 1604, published a book with engraved perspective innovations. This book, which was extremely important in transmitting the extensive Italian knowledge about perspective and architectural ornamention to the north, influenced Dirck van Deelen. This painting shows the dominant style of architectural painting which van Delen followed all his life.
— An Architectural Fantasy (1634) _ The fountain in the foreground is surmounted by a statue of Hercules fighting Hydra. Two of the other statues may represent Mercury and Minerva. The elegantly dressed figures are by another painter, perhaps Jan Olis [1610-1676] or Anthonie Palamedeszoon [1601-1673]. This type of finely executed painting, representing a fanciful architectural setting, carefully constructed according to perspectival rules and populated with very elegantly dressed people, was probably painted for aristocratic and courtly patrons connected with the Court of Orange in the Netherlands. Van Delen painted imaginary architecture, particularly church interiors and palaces, in a style influenced by that of Hendrick van Steenwyck the Younger [–1649]
— Les Joueurs de Paume (1626, 32x54cm)
— Les joueurs de quille (1637, 32x54cm; 420x700pix, 183kb)
— Salomon et la Reine de Saba (1638, 100x155cm) _ similar to the 1633 version auctioned at Christie's in 1963.

^ Born on 16 May 1782: John Sell Cotman, English Romantic painter and etcher who died on 24 July 1842, specialized in Landscapes. — He was the father of John Joseph Cotman and Miles Edmund Cotman; and the uncle of Frederic George Cotman. — {He who fakes Cotman will get caught, man!}
— Cotman was born in the parish of Saint Mary Coslany, Norwich, the son of Edmund Cotman, a hairdresser, later a haberdasher [but never a maker or seller of cots], and Ann Sell. In 1793 he entered Norwich Grammar School as a ‘freeplacer’. In 1798 he moved to London, where he worked as an assistant to the publisher Rudolph Ackermann. Following in the footsteps of Turner and Thomas Girtin he joined Dr Monro’s ‘Academy’ in 1799 and became a member of the sketching society that had developed around the personality and talent of Girtin. He exhibited at the Royal Academy for the first time in 1800, when he was awarded the large silver palette by the Society of Arts.
— Cotman has been considered the best watercolorist of his generation. Although his career was not cut short like so many of the famous Romantics -- Keats, Girtin, Schubert -- it was curiously aborted; his best work was done in the first decade of the century when, under the influence of Girtin, he produced a remarkable series of watercolors characterized by firm drawing, delicate washes, and an uncanny sense of design. Atmosphere doesn't play a strong role in Cotman's work; light does. Cotman had a unique ability to give masses and shadows a kind of equivalence in the design which in some respects prefigures Cubism, a full century in the future. In his latter years, Cotman was troubled by fits of depression and this, combined with relative isolation in Norfolk (he was one of the founders of the "Norwich School") led him away from his genius to pursue the influence of Turner and what Ruskin came to call "The Turnerian sublime." Cotman died in London.
— Among Cotman's students were George Devey, Dawson Turner, and William Burges, who also did his early work in Cotman's studio.

— LINKS
— Tilney All Saints Church near King's Lynn (28x21cm; full size) — Windmill (29x23cm; full size)
— Ruins by a River (600x805pix _ ZOOM to 1400x1878pix)
— On the Greta (1805; 689x1000pix, 108kb) — On the Greta or the Tees (1805; 658x1000pix, 103kb)
— Duncombe Park -- Yorkshire (1807) — Seashore with Boats (1808) — Houses at Epsom (1800, 23x17cm)
— A Ruined House (600x472pix, 69kb) _ “After the Earthquake”?
— Castle of Falaise (1822 etching 22 x 40cm; 2/5 size, 68kb _ ZOOM to 4/5 size, 273kb)
— The Judgement of Midas (1838 etching, 20x25cm; 2/3 size, 78kb _ ZOOM to 4/3 size, 288kb)
— 104 prints at FAMSF

^ Died on 16 May 1910: Henri-Edmond “Cross”, French Pointillist painter and printmaker born Henri-Edmond-Joseph Delacroix on 20 May 1856.
— Henri was the only surviving child of Alcide Delacroix, a French adventurer and failed businessman, and the British-born Fanny Woollett. He was encouraged as a youth to develop his artistic talent by his father’s cousin, Dr Auguste Soins. He enrolled in 1878 at the Écoles Académiques de Dessin et d’Architecture in Lille, where he remained for three years under the guidance of Alphonse Colas [1818–1887]. He then moved to Paris and studied under Émile Dupont-Zipcy [1822–1865], also from Douai, whom he listed as his teacher when exhibiting at Salons of the early 1880s. His few extant works from this period are Realist portraits and still-lifes, painted with a heavy touch and somber palette
— Henri-Edmond Delacroix did not want to be confused with the great Ferdinand-Victor-Eugène Delacroix [26 Apr 1798 – 13 Aug 1863] (as if there had been any danger of that!). So, since his mother was English, he Anglicized his name in 1881. Cross studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Lille, and in Paris with François Bonvin. In 1884 he helped organize the Salon des Indépendants, where Georges Seurat exhibited his first painting in the divisionist style. Inspired by this new work, Cross abandoned his academic style and became a follower of Seurat. As a member of the group variously called the divisionists, pointillists, or neoimpressionists, Cross utilized a technique of juxtaposing small dots of pure color to define objects and planes and to create effects of light and shadow.

— LINKS
— Self Portrait with Cigarette (1880) _ {Did he die of lung cancer?}
— Floral Still Life (25x35cm; full size)
— Aux Champs-Elysées, Paris (color lithograph published in Pan, 1898, 20x26cm; 5/4 size)
— Woman Combing her Hair (1892) — Evening Breeze (1894)
— The Church of Santa Maria degli Angeli near Assisi (1909) — La Terrasse Fleurie
— Soleil couchant sur la lagune,Venice — La Ronde (1907; 816x1000pix, 240kb)
— Femmes liant la vigne (1890) — The Flowered Column (1901)
— 97 images at Webshots

^ Born on 16 May 1893: Niles Maurice Spencer, US painter who died on 15 May 1952.
— His family owned Slater Mill, which, under the ownership of Samuel Slater, had introduced a new water-powered technology to manufacturing. This helped to launch the USA into the Industrial Revolution. The Spencers prospered from manufacturing and Spencer’s humanistic handling of the subject may have resulted from growing up in this industrial milieu. An art student from the age of 16 at the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), he studied under Charles Woodbury in Ogunquit, Maine, during the summers of 1914 and 1915 and graduated from RISD in 1915. From 1915 to 1917 he studied with Robert Henri and George Bellows at the Ferrer School in New York. He painted at Ogunquit from 1917 to 1922 and at Provincetown from 1923 to 1930. From 1931 to 1941 he produced paintings of industry and New York, before turning to a geometric abstraction (1943–1952). Throughout his career he returned to still-lifes as architectural compositions.
— A Precisionist painter who was influenced by European Cubism, Niles Spencer is best known for his unembellished arrangements of architectural forms. Although he used crisply defined zones of color to depict his motifs, as did other Precisionist artists, his work is warmer in feeling and less impersonal than that of other figures in this movement, such as Charles Sheeler or Charles Demuth. Spencer was born in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, and studied at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence and at the National Academy of Design in New York. His sources included the art of Paul Cezanne as well as American folk art and Shaker furniture. From 1913 until 1922 he was associated with the summer artists' colony in Ogunquit, Maine. He later spent summers in Provincetown, Massachusetts, and Sag Harbor, Long Island. During the 1930s Spencer concentrated on images of New York stree/kmska/Engels/19th.htm" target="_blank">Henri De Braekeleer [1840-1888]?

1862 Jan-Baptist van der Hulst, Belgian artist born on 22 March 1790.

1849 Firmin Massot, Swiss painter, draftsman, and teacher, born on 05 May 1766. His first teacher was his sister, the portrait painter and engraver Pernette Massot [1761–1828]. In 1788 Massot visited Rome with the painter Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours as a guide. On his return Massot was commissioned to produce several charcoal drawings, including two miniature portraits in profile (1790), probably depicting two young women of the Chavanne family. From 1794, in order to escape the turbulence of the French Revolution he sought refuge at Coppet with Jacques Necker, former French Minister of Finance under Louis XIV, and his wife Suzanne, who introduced him to Lausanne society, where he established a new clientèle.

1749 Peter Casteels, Flemish artist born on 03 October 1684.

^
Born on a 16 May:

1898 Jean Fautrier, French artist who died on 21 July 1964. — {Il faut trier Fautrier? Bon. Mais, après, comment se fait-il qu'il ne reste rien de bon à mettre sur l'internet?}

1879 Pietro Marussig, Italian artist who died in 1937.

1798 Claude Anthelme Honoré Trimolet, French artist who died on 16 December 1866. — {S'il faut trier Fautrier, on trie Trimolet aussi, non? Et c'est le même résultat: il ne reste rien!}

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the 1930s, Spencer turned from the light-filled landscapes of Provincetown to studies of New York City and of industry. A mural commissioned by the US Treasury Department in 1937 for a post office in Aliquippa, Pennsylvania, resulted in many drawings and oil studies and a new vocabulary of forms for Spencer. When he returned to Provincetown, his leitmotif was the railroad, construction equipment, ice plants, and other industrial subjects.
     Spencer's painting method was painstakingly slow. He revised and reworked his compositions until he arrived at something that satisfied him. The surfaces of his paintings are loosely brushed layers of subtle, tonal changes of color. The palimpsest of each painting--the artist's process of distillation and decision-making -- is visible through the many layers and changes of shape. His paintings are unique among the Precisionists for precisely this process and for the sophisticated tonalities of color which evoke an emotional and moody atmosphere.
     Spencer's career can be divided into several distinct stylistic periods: the early Ogunquit paintings (1913-1922) showing the early influence of Cézanne; the Provincetown paintings (1923-1930); the paintings of industry and New York (1931-1942) and the late geometric work (1943-1952) showing Spencer's turn toward abstraction. During this last period, shapes became more two-dimensional and stylized, and the subject less identifiable.
     The still-life paintings which Spencer made throughout his life reflected these different stylistic concerns. Spencer's output was relatively small, a result of his slow methodical working methods and his early death of a heart attack in Dingman's Ferry, Pennsylvania.
     Spencer married twice; his first marriage in 1917 to Betty Lockett ended in divorce in 1942, and in 1947 he married Catherine Brett. He had no children by either marriage. Although widely known and respected by artists and museum curators, he was often described as reticent and introspective. Unwilling or unable to promote his work in an increasingly commercial environment, Spencer was often missing from the large survey shows of the period. The tireless work of his dealer at the Downtown Gallery, Edith Halpert, helped to ensure that Spencer's modest but important contribution to US art was not forgotten.
     Highly regarded by both colleagues and critics, Spencer's classical industrial landscapes, understated and remote, combined with his personal reticence, did not further his popular reputation or make his work more accessible to the public. He attempted occasional portraits, but apart from some notable still lifes, modernistic views of the landscape were his primary and most successful expressive vehicle. Unconcerned about artistic convention, the quiet contemplative mood of Spencer's work cannot be separated from the spirit in which it was created.

— LINKS
— The Watch Factory (1950, 71x107cm) _ This important late work, produced at the peak of Spencer's artistic maturity, is dominated by disciplined organization and an integrated compositional arrangement illustrating the artist's idiomatic approach: austere, controlled, intellectualized, and remote. The abstracted sense of space in this work presents one of his least representational subjects and was singled out by artist-critic Fairfield Porter in a review of the 1952 Downtown Gallery exhibition.1 Spencer's late works are contrived abstractions of architectural space, relying less on literal reality. Articulating the philosophy behind his work, he stated in 1941 that "the deeper meanings of nature can only be captured in painting through disciplined form and design. The visual recognizability is actually irrelevant. It may be there or not." Deliberate in his working method, using studies and preparatory drawings to work out tonal relationships and formal arrangements of delicately balanced compositions, Spencer produced at least two works related to The Watch Factory: Factory, Sag Harbor (1950) and The Watch Factory No. 2 (1950). The subject of these works is a factory in Sag Harbor, Long Island, where Spencer purchased property and spent time beginning in 1948. Titles and dates in his work are often subject to dispute, with sequences and chronologies uncertain. Though The Watch Factory No. 2 is titled as the second version, it would appear to be an earlier work. Subtle variations between the two versions are perceptible, the changes providing clarity, depth, and definition of spatial ambiguity in the larger finished painting. The tonal modulation in The Watch Factory is more subdued, and the tightened spatial configuration produces a more resolved composition. The artist has toned and lightened some areas to bring forth details and make other areas recede, as well as altering shadows, alignment of angles, and placement of windows.
— The New Ice Plant (1947, 5676cm) — The Cement Plant (1935, 51x36cm)
— Sheridan Square, New York (1922, 61x52cm)
— Perkins Cove Fish Houses, Ogunquit, Maine (1926, 50x94cm)
— Amalfi (1921, 34x24cm) — Still Life with Pineapple (1929, 63x73cm)

^ Died on 16 May 1669: Pietro Berrettini I da Cortona, Italian Baroque era painter, draftsman, and architect, probably born on 01 November 1596 (baptized on 27 November 1597).
— He was, together with Gianlorenzo Bernini and Franceso Borromini, one of the three leading artists of the Roman Baroque. As a painter he developed the early Baroque style, initiated by Annibale Carracci, to a magnificent and imposing High Baroque. His fresco decorations set a standard for European Baroque painting until they were eclipsed by Giambattista Tiepolo’s works and those of other Venetian masters of the 18th century. As an architect Cortona was far less influential. His imaginative designs for façades and stucco decorations were, however, conclusive and independent solutions to problems central to Roman Baroque architecture.
— Pietro Berrettini da Cortona was one of the founders of the Roman High Baroque, comparable with Bernini in sculpture. His first works were painted for the Sacchetti family, but he was soon taken up by the powerful Barberini family — the family of Urban VIII — for whom he painted frescoes in Sta Bibiana, Rome (1624-1626), followed by his greatest work, the ceiling in the Barberini Palace. This is a huge fresco representing an Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power, begun in 1633 and completed in 1639; a sketch for it is now exhibited with it, but its authenticity is open to doubt. The fresco is a huge illusion, like the ceilings of Lanfranco [1582-1647] or Gurcino, with the central field apparently open to the sky and scores of figures seen 'al di Sotto in Su' apparently coming into the room itself or floating above it. While working on this, Pietro also went to Florence and began a series of similar frescoes in the Pitti Palace; he also began a series of frescoes in the Chiesa Nuova, Rome, which was not finished until 1665. Towards the end of his life he devoted much of his time to architecture, but he published a treatise on painting in 1652 under a pseudonym and in collaboration. He refused invitations to both France and Spain. With the help of numerous students, of whom Ciro Ferri was the most important, he painted many other frescoes and easel pictures in Rome and Florence.
— Berrettini's assistants included Giovanni Francesco Romanelli, Francesco Allegrini, Giovanni Maria Bottalla, Andrea Camassei, Guglielmo Cortese, Vincenzo Dandini [1609-1675], Giacinto Gimignani, Filippo Lauri, Livio Mehus, Pietro Testa, Raffaele Vanni.
— His students included Guillaume Courtois, Luca Giordano, Pierre Puget, Pietro Testa, Lazzaro Baldi, Carlo Cesi, Giovanni Coli, Ciro Ferri, Antonio Gherardi, Filippo Gherardi, Paolo Gismondi, Giovanni Battista Langetti. — [Did he tell his students: “If it ain't baroque, don't fix it.”?]

— LINKS
— Autoritratto (1666; 600x473pix _ ZOOM to 1291x1018pix, 461kb _ ZOOM++ to 1400x1104pix)
— Il papa Urbano VIII (1626; 600x378pix _ ZOOM to 1400x883pix _ ZOOM++ to 1632x1029pix, 657kb)
— Il papa Clemente IX Rospigliosi (1669; 600x481pix _ ZOOM to 1291x1034pix, 488kb _ ZOOM++ to 1400x1121pix)
— Carro di Venere (600x1368pix, 344kb _ ZOOM to 1400x3193pix, 1278kb)
— Giacobbe e Labano (1635; 600x540pix _ ZOOM to 1273x1145pix, 588kb _ ZOOM to 1400x1259pix)
— San Filippo Neri guarisce dalla gotta Clemente VIII (1646; 600x760pix _ ZOOM to 1105x1400pix, 526kb _ ZOOM to 1400x1774pix)
— Nativity of the Virgin — The Golden Age (1646, 798x980pix, 173kb)
— The Stoning of Saint Stephen (1660, 260x149cm, 576x1010pix 139kb)
— The Triumph of Divine Providence (1639) _ In 1625 the Barberini family purchased the Palazzo Sforza and other properties in the area which was to be incorporated to the Barberini palace we see today in Rome. Upon the death of Carlo Maderno, the first architect of the project, Gian Lorenzo Bernini succeeded as chief architect in 1629. Bernini's is the conception of the high central "salone', which extends through two stories of the palace. The salone culminates in the great vault on which Piero da Cortona frescoed his Divine Providence, a pictorial celebration of the spiritual and temporal glories of the Barberini. Cortona also had a hand in the building of the palace complex: the largest of his contributions was the design of the theater wing, demolished in 1926 with the opening of the modern Via Barberini. _ detail _ This ceiling in the reception room at Palazzo Barberini was the most important single work that helped to make the Baroque the dominant style in Rome, and so over much of Europe, during the seventeenth century. The orderly clarity of Annibale Carracci's frescos in Palazzo Farnese was replaced by a turbulent composition that was full of spiraling movement. Everything combines to underline the vibrant dynamism of the work. The large scudding clouds and the perspective viewpoints looking up from below were probably inspired by Correggio's examples. But the brand new ingredient was Pietro da Cortona's desire to turn the fresco into a total work of art. The spectator was intended to lose his perception of space when he looked at it and become caught up in a spiritual and esthetic ecstasy. Another hallmark of Baroque was the happy way it mixed different subjects. In this scene, officially on a religious theme, the triumphs of the Barberini dynasty are nearly as apparent as those of Divine Providence as can be seen from the way their heraldic device of flying bees dominates the scene.
— View of the Galleria Pamphili (1654) _ Landing of the Trojans at the Mouth of Tiberis (1654) _ Apotheose of Aeneas (detail) (1654, 908x580pix, 127kb) _ Pope Innocent X (from the rich Pamphili family) decided to erect the family palace at the Piazza Navona in Rome. It was built by Girolamo Rainaldi in Baroque style. The Galleria in the palace was decorated by Pietro da Cortona. The subjects of the ceiling frescoes are related to the story of Aeneas, a Trojan prince who escaped by sea with a band of companions after the sack of Troy by the Greeks. After many adventures they reached Latium in Italy where they settled. They were the legendary ancestors of the Roman people.
— The Guardian Angel (1656, 225x143cm, 694x1100pix, 101kb) _ It was attributed to Romanelli until the WWII. It was commissioned by Pope Alexander VII, along with a pendant of Saint Michael the Archangel. The Guardian Angel was copied by both Gaulli and Maratta.
— Holy Family Resting on the Flight to Egypt (1643, 48x39cm, 666x857pix, 106kb) _ This painting of the Madonna may be regarded as the very epitome of a Baroque devotional picture. It shows the Holy Family resting on the flight to Egypt. Joseph is approaching in the background, while in the foreground an angel is offering fruit to refresh the child. Yet the expression "devotional picture" should be used with caution, for the question of specific types in this genre is still the subject of lively debate and much research remains to be conducted into the eras after the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, even at first glance, it is clear that the intimacy of Cortona's Madonna painting has more than just an aesthetic intention; it is meant to influence the mood of the spectator in a manner conducive to private prayer. The question of the devotional picture is somewhat complicated by Cortona's use of elements taken from the pagan vocabulary of early Roman Baroque — the idyllic, the pastoral, the antique bucolic landscape with its shady trees and wild wine — in keeping with the increasingly aesthetic interests of buyers. Cortona's powers of synthesis are evident in the way he applies them successfully to create an ecclesiastical image of great atmosphere.
— Madonna and Saints (1628, 280x170cm, 806x1228pix, 158kb) _ Pietro da Cortona's oeuvre contains splendid examples of rich altarpieces which are a triumph of his proud and exultant style. Some also provide memorable examples of Baroque taste. This painting was commissioned by the Passerini family. In a civilized fashion, it trumpets the fact that some of the Passerini family were members of chivalrous orders. So we see the Knights of Saint Stephen (notice the cross on the cope of the pope, Saint Stephen), the Knights of Malta (represented by the figure of John the Baptist and the cloak in the center) and the Order of Calatrava (Saint James the Great can be seen behind John the Baptist). Even in this quiet scene, there is an air of great energy and vigor, almost as if the saints were about to burst into song. The colors are also marvelously fresh and vivid
— Pietà (1625, 750x1190pix, 107kb) _ This early painting was rediscovered almost by chance in 1983. It had been inexplicably lost for over three and a half centuries in the painter's home town and provides remarkable proof of Pietro da Cortona's early and versatile talent. It also reveals his Tuscan heritage as well as his taste for embellishing his paintings with billowing drapes and glimpses of landscape.
— The Abduction of the Sabine Women (1629, 280x426cm, 1207x802pix, 182kb) _ The Sacchetti family commissioned this painting in the 1620s when Pietro da Cortona was just making his name in Roman circles. They thus became his first patrons and introduced him to the world of aristocratic commissions. During the first two decades of the century, Caravaggio's naturalistic style had been rivaled by the Carracci cousins' academic style of classicism. Each school had its own followers and some attempts had been made to bring the two together. The arrival of Pietro da Cortona, at the same time as Bernini erupted onto the scene as the preferred sculptor and architect of the Barberini pope Urban VIII, were together sufficient to transform art in Rome and to create a true Baroque style. Pietro da Cortona's painting stands out for its open theatricality, lively gestures, richness of color, and brushwork, as well as its diffused light. The Sabine women being lifted into the air deliberately derive from Bernini's works, such as Apollo and Daphne, as if to underline the bond between the two artists. There is little real violence in his treatment of this scene from Roman legend, merely a splendidly theatrical display of half-clothed bodies.
— Romulus and Remus Brought Back by Faustulus (1643, 251x266cm, 1020x966pix, 142kb) _ The twin brothers Romulus and Remus are the legendary founders of Rome. Their mother, a Vestal Virgin, explained her pregnancy by claiming she had been violated by Mars, the god of war. She was thrown into prison and the children were ordered to be drowned in the Tiber. They survived and were reared by a she-wolf, and by a woodpecker that watched over them and brought them food. They were discovered by Faustulus, the herdsman.
— Marcello Sacchetti (1626, 659x931pix, 72kb) _ Pietro da Cortona's patron, the cultured Marcello Sacchetti, is shown in a spontaneous pose in front of a gilded table bearing his coat of arms.
— Venus as Huntress Appears to Aeneas (137kb) _ The goddess Venus, the mother of Aeneas, appeared him twice, first in the midst of burning Troy to bid him be on his way. Later, when the Trojans were washed ashore near Carthage after the storm at sea, Aeneas and his friend Achates set out to explore. Venus appeared once more, this time with bow and quiver disguised as a huntress, to direct them to Dido's palace. The artist depicted in this picture the second appearance.
— 58 prints at FAMSF.

^ Died on 16 May 1892: John Banvard, born on 15 November 1815, who painted one of the world's largest paintings, possibly the very largest.
—In the mid-19th century, the rolled panorama, a kind of portable mural, became a popular amusement and educational device. Accompanied by a lecture and often music, the painting, on canvas and wound between two poles, would slowly be unrolled behind a frame or revealed in sections. Sometimes theatrical realism was utilized in the form of real steam, smoke, and sound effects. Among the longest and most ambitious of these rolled panoramas was one 370 m long (deceptively advertised as 3 miles in length), depicting the landscape along the entire course of the Mississippi River, by Banvard. [there is no full-size reproduction of it on the Internet]. Banvard was something of an enigma -- part huckster, part crackpot, part genius. He would go on to have a minor career as a US poet, playwright, and composer, but history remembers him mostly for his panorama, considered a precursor to moving pictures. The painting was gradually unrolled as Banvard lectured with anecdotes and bits of sometimes-racy river history. It played throughout the country and around the world with great success -- by one historical account, the panorama was viewed by almost 250'000 in Boston in 1847, netting its creator $100'000. — [more] — [still more]
— Banvard was educated at the New York high school, and at an early age showed decided talent for drawing and for writing verses. When he was fifteen years old his father lost a large sum of money. John then went to Louisville, Kentucky, and, after some experience as clerk in a drug-store, led a life of adventure, supporting himself by painting pictures and exhibiting them at New Orleans, Natchez, Cincinnati, and other towns, traveling from place to place in a boat. At one time he executed a panorama of Venice. and exhibited it with success.
      Finally the idea occurred to him to paint a panorama of the entire Mississippi river. He began this task in 1840, traveling thousands of kilometers alone in an open skiff, living on what game he could shoot, and earning money to buy drawing materials by painting and exhibiting pictures. When he had made the preliminary drawings they were transferred to canvas in a building erected for the purpose in Louisville, Kentucky. When finished, the panorama covered 370 meters, though it was advertised and became known as the "three-mile picture" [4828 meters]. He afterward exhibited it in the US and abroad. The artistic merits of the painting were not great, but it was a faithful picture of the Mississippi, and as such attracted a great deal of attention.
     Later Banvard traveled extensively in Europe, Asia, and Africa, and painted many pictures, which he exhibited. During the Civil War Banvard pointed out to General Fremont how Island No. 10 could be passed by a canal and certain bayous, and made charts showing the route. These suggestions were successfully followed out by Fremont's successor.
      Banvard is the author of about 1700 poems. He has also published Description of the Mississippi River (1849); Pilgrimage to the Holy Land (1852) ; Amasis, or the Last of the Pharaohs (1864) ; The Private Life of a King (1876); The Tradition of the Temple, (1883). He has also written several dramas, two of which have been acted: Amasis in 1864, and Carrinia in 1875.
      Banvard painted the picture from which the first chromo made in the US was taken. It was entitled The Orison (1861).

^
Died on a 16 May:

1883 Ferdinand de Braekeleer, Belgian artist born on 12 February 1792. — Relative? of Henri De Braekeleer [1840-1888]?

1862 Jan-Baptist van der Hulst, Belgian artist born on 22 March 1790.

1849 Firmin Massot, Swiss painter, draftsman, and teacher, born on 05 May 1766. His first teacher was his sister, the portrait painter and engraver Pernette Massot [1761–1828]. In 1788 Massot visited Rome with the painter Jean-Pierre Saint-Ours as a guide. On his return Massot was commissioned to produce several charcoal drawings, including two miniature portraits in profile (1790), probably depicting two young women of the Chavanne family. From 1794, in order to escape the turbulence of the French Revolution he sought refuge at Coppet with Jacques Necker, former French Minister of Finance under Louis XIV, and his wife Suzanne, who introduced him to Lausanne society, where he established a new clientèle.

1749 Peter Casteels, Flemish artist born on 03 October 1684.

^
Born on a 16 May:

1898 Jean Fautrier, French artist who died on 21 July 1964. — {Il faut trier Fautrier? Bon. Mais, après, comment se fait-il qu'il ne reste rien de bon à mettre sur l'internet?}

1879 Pietro Marussig, Italian artist who died in 1937.

1798 Claude Anthelme Honoré Trimolet, French artist who died on 16 December 1866. — {S'il faut trier Fautrier, on trie Trimolet aussi, non? Et c'est le même résultat: il ne reste rien!}

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